Son of perdition
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For the term in Mormonism, see Son of perdition (Mormonism).
The son of perdition (Greek: ο υιος της απωλειας, ho huios tēs apōleias) is a phrase associated with a demoniacal title that appears in the New Testament in the Gospel of Saint John 17:12 and in the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians 2:3.Contents
[hide]New Testament[edit]
The two occurrences of the Greek phrase have traditionally been translated consistently in English Bibles from the Wycliffe Bible, following the Latin Vulgate which has "filius perditionis" (son of perdition) in both instances. However this is not the case in all languages; for example the Luther Bible renders the use in John as "das verlorene Kind" (the lost child), but the use in 2 Thessalonians as "das Kind des Verderbens" (the child of corruption).John 17:12[edit]
In John:17:12 KJV Jesus, in reference to Judas Iscariot, says that of all his disciples, none has been lost except the "son of perdition".While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.The New International Version translates the phrase as "the one doomed to destruction." D. A. Carson suggests that this verse refers both to Judas' character and to his destiny.[1]
—John 17:12 King James Version, 1611
Various Old Testament origins have been suggested for "that the scripture might be fulfilled." These traditionally include Psalm 41:9 "Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me."[2] Also Psalm 109:8 "Let his days be few; and let another take his office." which is interpreted by Peter in Acts 1:16-20 as having being prophetic of Judas.
2 Thessalonians 2:3[edit]
In 2 Thessalonians 2:3, Paul referred to "the son of perdition".2 Thessalonians 2:3 "Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition;" King James Version, 1611He appears to equate this image with the Man of Sin.
Some scholars[3] and theologians[4] down through history, including Hippolytus,[5] Luther,[6] Wesley,[7] Manton,[8] Schaff,[9] et al, say that first "Son of Perdition" reference is to Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the man who attacked the Second Temple in Jerusalem and defiled it by sacrificing a pig on the altar, erecting a statue of Zeus as himself in the temple, raiding the Temple treasury and minting coins saying "Theos Epiphanes" (God manifest), etc. Even those theologians who advocate an interpretation of Daniel that includes the Roman Empire in their analysis recognize Antiochus as a prototype.[10]
Revelation[edit]
Some theologians and scholars also consider "the beast that goes into perdition" mentioned in Revelation 17:8 and 17:11 to be references to the son of perdition."[11][12]Derivation of the term[edit]
Similar uses of "son" occur in Hebrew, such as "sons of corruption" (Isaiah 1:4 בָּנִים מַשְׁחִיתִים benim mishchatim), however the exact Hebrew or Greek term "son of perdition" does not occur in Jewish writings prior to the New Testament.According to some modern biblical criticism New Testament writers derived the "son of perdition" (and "man of sin") concepts from Daniel and 1 Maccabees 2:48 "And they did not surrender the horn to the sinner." et al.[13] John related the "Son of Perdition" concepts by language, referring to "the star that fell from heaven" Revelation 9:1 by two names, one Greek, and the other Hebrew. (Revelation 9:11) The Greek name is "Apollyon" (Greek: Aπολλυων), from the Greek root word "apollumi" (Greek:απολλυμι).[14] It refers to utter loss, eternal destruction, and disassociation." [Strong's 622] The Hebrew name is "Abaddon" (Greek: Aβαδδων), from the Aramaic root word "'abad", which means the same thing as the Greek root word. Strong's 07 Daniel 7:11 says that the eventual destiny of the "great beast" is to be slain, and his body "destroyed" ('abad), and given to the eternal flames (generally accepted by religious scholars to be a reference to hell).
Most historians and critics, and some Jewish and Christian scholars believe that the Book of Daniel is about the events that occurred in Israel from the beginning of the Babylonian Captivity to the end of the Maccabean Revolt.[15][16]
Matthew Henry wrote:
Of the kings that came after Antiochus nothing is here prophesied, for that was the most malicious mischievous enemy to the church, that was a type of the son of perdition, whom the Lord shall consume with the breath of his mouth and destroy with the brightness of his coming, and none shall help him.[17]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Jump up ^ D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Leicester: Apollos, 1991), 563.
- Jump up ^ James Clark A Layman's Theology 2008 Page 72 "12, mentions that He has guarded the disciples and "that none of them is lost but the son of perdition, that the scripture might be fulfilled." The prevailing wisdom probably is that the "son of perdition" was Judas, the fulfilled scripture Psalm 41:9, ..."
- Jump up ^ Commentary Critical: Daniel ch. 11
- Jump up ^ "Revelation," The People on the Earth: Chapters 2-3, Letter to Ephesus, v 13. Bullinger
- Jump up ^ ANF05, Hippolytus
- Jump up ^ "Table Talk," Martin Luther
- Jump up ^ Commentary on [Daniel] Chapter XI, Wesley,
- Jump up ^ of perdition#highlight Sermon III
- Jump up ^ NPNF (V2-06), Phillip Schaff
- Jump up ^ "Antiochus Epiphanes". Endtime-truth.com. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- Jump up ^ Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, Jamieson, Fausset, Brown, et al Chapter 17
- Jump up ^ "Doctrinal Divinity" by John Gill, Chapter 14: Of the Spiritual Reign of Christ
- Jump up ^ Commentary Critical and Explanatory of the Whole Bible, Revelation chapter 17, point 11
- Jump up ^ Albrecht Oepke (1964). "ἀπολλυμι". In Gerhard Kittel. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Volume I. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 397.
- Jump up ^ http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/re/jewish-apocalyptic_bruce.pdf
- Jump up ^ "annette reed "babylonian captivity" - Google zoeken". Google.com. 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- Jump up ^ Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible, Daniel, chapter 11
He didn’t say, “Oh, I have heard some neat stories about this Jesus, guy.” No, he is saying, “I will personally say . . .” Now, to grab hold of a general truth and make it his very own and personal statement, is probably the highest form of wisdom! It doesn’t mean much to say, “I suppose the Lord is a refuge.” But for him to actually say, “He is my refuge, is a much stronger statement.
“Flee to the Lord!” 
He is the Eternal Protector of his own. When we are secure in the Lord, we can rejoice that our position is unquestioned, secure and strong. He is our fortress as well as our refuge. No moat, portcullis, drawbridge, wall, and battlement, could make us so secure as we are when the attributes of the Lord of Hosts surrounds us!
Oh, if we could just embrace the psalmist’s resolve! We have already trusted in Yahweh for our Salvation. Let’s move on the trust Him for our life. He has never failed us, so why should we suspect him? To trust in man is natural to fallen nature, but to trust in God should be as natural as the air that we breathe. We have every reason and warrant for faith, so we should place our confidence without hesitation or wavering.
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