Tuesday, November 18, 2025

He Fled the Nazis as a Teen. At 21, He Helped Bring Them to Justice. Eighty years ago this month, leading Nazi officials faced judgement at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany.

 

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

He Fled the Nazis as a Teen. At 21, He Helped Bring Them to Justice.

Eighty years ago this month, leading Nazi officials faced judgement at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany.

This groundbreaking trial was heard in four languages—a feat made possible by more than 100 translators and interpreters. They included German-born Holocaust survivor—and later Museum volunteer—Gerald Schwab.

Schwab took pride that he, an “ordinary” US soldier and a Jewish man who was considered to be “unfit” by Nazi Germany, was taking part in the interrogation of Nazi leaders. “If you want to know how I felt about it, I felt great,” he said. Continue his story.

Upcoming Event

Watch: A Hidden Child Shares Her Story

In an interview with journalist Bill Benson, Holocaust survivor and Museum volunteer Joan Da Silva will recount her experiences as a young child who posed as a Catholic in Nazi-occupied Poland. This is the first time she has been interviewed for a First Person program. Wednesday, November 19, 1 p.m. ET.

Get a reminder

ON SOCIAL MEDIA

They Looked the Other Way on Kristallnacht

Firefighters stood by as Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues burned on November 9–10, 1938. As Nazis violently targeted Jews, many individuals—including public servants—chose to do nothing.

WATCH STORY

ON SOCIAL MEDIA

American Liberator Remembers Dachau

In honor of Veterans Day, we shared the reflections of Lockered “Bud” Gahs, a member of the 42nd Infantry Division. He's never forgotten the survivor he met at Dachau.

SEE HIS REFLECTIONS

BEHIND THE SCENES

A Refugee’s Warm Welcome in Central Asia

Szaja Rosenberg fled Nazi-occupied Poland, survived hard labor in Siberia, and ended up somewhere unexpected: Tajikistan. Learn about the lengths Szaja and his family went to survive.

WATCH NOW

MUSEUM COMMUNITY

Share Your Feedback on Museum Podcast

Last month, we shared the new season of 12 Years That Shook the World, which tells the haunting story of three young Jews. Now, we’d like your feedback on the podcast.

TAKE QUICK SURVEY

Photos: Gerald Schwab stands with fellow interpreters at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, 1946. USHMM, courtesy of Gerald (Gerd) Schwab; Childhood photo of Joan Da Silva. Courtesy of Joan Da Silva; On the morning after Kristallnacht, a fireman attempts to extinguish the fire at a German home and business, November 1938. Stadtarchiv Guetersloh; World War II veteran Lockered “Bud” Gahs. USHMM; Szaja Rosenberg, who donated artifacts from Tajikistan to the Museum. Courtesy of Esther Nash and Elaine Miller; A photo taken in Eyshishok, featured in season four of the Museum’s podcast. USHMM, courtesy of The Shtetl Foundation

  

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