The mitzvah of waving the four species derives from the Torah. In Leviticus, it states:
Leviticus 23:40 And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days. English Standard Version
In Leviticus 23:40 the Hebrew terms for the four plants are:
‘êṣ hāḏār (עֵץ הָדָר), magnificent/beautiful trees
təmārîm (תְּמָרִים), palm trees
‘êṣ ‘āḇōṯ (עֵץ־עָבֹת), thick/leafy trees
‘arḇê-nāḥal (עַרְבֵי נַחַל), willows of the brook/valley
In Talmudic tradition, the four plants are identified as:
etrog (אתרוג) – the fruit of a citron tree
lulav (לולב) – a ripe, green, closed frond from a date palm tree
hadass (הדס) – boughs with leaves from the myrtle tree
aravah (ערבה) – branches with leaves from the willow tree
Leviticus 23:40 And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days. English Standard Version
In Leviticus 23:40 the Hebrew terms for the four plants are:
‘êṣ hāḏār (עֵץ הָדָר), magnificent/beautiful trees
təmārîm (תְּמָרִים), palm trees
‘êṣ ‘āḇōṯ (עֵץ־עָבֹת), thick/leafy trees
‘arḇê-nāḥal (עַרְבֵי נַחַל), willows of the brook/valley
In Talmudic tradition, the four plants are identified as:
etrog (אתרוג) – the fruit of a citron tree
lulav (לולב) – a ripe, green, closed frond from a date palm tree
hadass (הדס) – boughs with leaves from the myrtle tree
aravah (ערבה) – branches with leaves from the willow tree
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